Imagine you are running a massive oil refinery in India. You import crude oil from Russia, refine it in India, and then sell the fuel to international buyers. Simple?
Not anymore.
Nayara Energy — one of India’s largest private oil refiners with over 20 million tonnes of capacity — is facing serious trouble because of global politics. And if you're an investor in the unlisted space, especially through platforms like UnlistedZone, this is your live case study on geopolitical risk, banking systems, and why due diligence is more than just reading numbers.
Let’s break it down, simply, clearly, and with real-world perspective.
Before we understand the problem, let’s understand the business model in three easy steps:
Nayara buys crude oil from Russia.
Russia gives a discount due to geopolitical isolation, making it attractive for Indian buyers.
The crude is brought to Nayara’s Vadinar refinery (Gujarat).
It is refined into usable fuel — like petrol, diesel, aviation turbine fuel.
A portion of this refined fuel is exported to countries like Oman, UAE, etc.
These international buyers make payments in USD or Euro through global financial systems.
All these payments — for imports and exports — go through global banks like HSBC, Citi, Standard Chartered etc. That’s where the problem begins.
In July 2025, the European Union imposed new sanctions targeting companies that have Russian shareholding. Nayara Energy, where Russia’s Rosneft owns a 49% stake, was affected.
Here’s what happened next:
Foreign banks refused to process payments for Nayara’s crude purchases from Russia.
Insurance support for cargo shipments also got disrupted.
Even payments from foreign buyers for refined exports started getting delayed or blocked.
Why?
Because global banks feared secondary sanctions — a penalty for doing business with a Russia-linked entity.
This means Nayara couldn’t:
Pay Russia for crude on time
Receive money for exports
Insure its cargo smoothly
Faced with this international block, Nayara turned to Indian financial channels. The idea? To use a bank with less exposure to global sanctions.
UCO Bank is government-owned, with a relatively smaller international footprint.
It had earlier handled oil trade with Iran, another country under Western sanctions.
It already has a system for rupee-trade-based settlements.
Nayara is now in talks with the Finance Ministry and UCO Bank to:
Process payments for Russian crude using INR-based settlements
Receive export payments from friendly countries via alternate channels
Important: As of now, no final tie-up has happened. Discussions are in initial stages.
Let’s say:
You’re trying to send money to your cousin who lives in a country that’s blocked on all major payment apps.
But you have an old-school local courier guy who has previously delivered parcels in that region.
That courier is UCO Bank. Because it is not deeply linked with Western financial systems, it can work under the radar — using alternate mechanisms like:
Vostro Accounts (holding rupee balances of foreign banks)
INR-Ruble payment arrangements
SWIFT alternatives like SPFS (Russia’s version of SWIFT)
These systems can help Nayara:
Continue crude imports from Russia
Sell refined fuel to markets not following EU sanctions
Keep cash flow moving without using Western banks
Due to the payment and insurance disruptions:
Nayara has cut refinery operations to 80% of capacity.
Export logistics have been carefully managed, with the first post-sanction shipment sent to Oman (43,000 metric tons of gasoline).
Meanwhile, Nayara is diversifying markets and exploring non-dollar payment systems.
If you are an investor in pre-IPO or unlisted markets, here are your key takeaways:
Even if a company performs well financially, ownership structure can invite international risk.
Investors must check not just financials but also who owns the company.
Companies with access to flexible financial systems or government support are better placed to survive shocks.
Due to uncertainty and perceived risk, companies like Nayara may face valuation discount in the unlisted space.
Such factors must be considered before entering or exiting a position.
Indian government’s willingness to help Nayara shows that policy support can be a defensive moat for some companies.
Nayara Energy is not just a company in trouble — it is a textbook example of how global events can ripple into your portfolio.
Its current crisis teaches us:
How the international financial system can choke operational cash flows
Why local solutions like UCO Bank matter
